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固体电解质电位型甲烷传感器的研制
严登峰
学位类型硕士
导师徐丽萍
2017
学位授予单位中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点北京
学位名称硕士
学位专业地质工程
关键词固体电解质 甲烷 气体传感器 天然气水合物
摘要

Methane is an important greenhouse gas, which is less in the atmosphere, but grows rapidly, and become the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2, methane is 28 times more ef?cient per mass as a greenhouse gas than CO2, It has a radiative forcing of, 0.5 ± 0.05 Wm?2, about 28% that of non-CO2 atmospheric constituents in 2010. If this situation develops without limitless, it will bring unprecedented disaster to the Earth's ecological environment. At the same time, methane is also an extremely important source of energy. It is the main energy source (about 88% portion) of the natural gas and the natural gas hydrate (about 99% portion) in the deep sea contain several times more of the sum amount of natural gas resources in the world, with China's economy showing high speed, blowout growth, conventional energy and new energy exploration has become an important task of our country. At present, the coal industry occupies 66% portion of China's energy consumption structure, with the expansion of coal mining scale, coal mine accidents (gas explosion) will occur frequently, the methane gas concentration (major portion of the gas) signal will play more and more important role as the gas explosion warning. Therefore, the development of high precision in situ methane sensor is of great significance for greenhouse treatment and conventional natural gas exploration, mining, transportation and natural gas hydrate and other new energy exploration. As the target environment is relatively complex (more water vapor, CO2 and other miscellaneous gas), by comparing the different types of methane gas sensor and found that other types of methane sensors have a certain application restrictions, and solid-state electrolyte mixed potential methane sensors can adapt to such environments perfectly. Therefore, this paper uses solid-state electrolyte mixed potential methane sensor to carry out experimental research. By comparing the SEM images of YSZ ceramic sheets made by tape-casting method, slip-casting method and tableting method, it is found that the YSZ ceramic prepared by the tableting method has many surface pores after sintering under the special temperature program, is the ideal way of making solid state electrolyte. Combination with related literature, we create a novel tubular-type methane sensor, the baseline and output voltage value of tubular-type methane sensor is more stable compare with planar-type methane sensor, but the tubular-type methane sensor is more fragile that can’t conduct repetitive experiment, and the output voltage value below the planar-type methane sensor, after the comprehensive consideration, we chose planar-type methane sensor to do this research. The impedance spectra and the polarization curves of the methane sensor with SnO2 as the working electrode were tested. The sensor with the oxide as the working electrode was in accordance with the mixed potential mechanism perfectly. It is also found that the methane sensor with In2O3 as the working electrode has excellent sensing performance, and the performance is still superior in the 6% water vapor environment, which is in accordance with the reality environment. We fabricate a novel sensor which use noble metal as sensing electrode, and the output voltage value is more stable compare with oxide sensing electrode, and it’s also show superior gas sensitivity in the hydrothermal environment. 

其他摘要

甲烷是一种重要的温室气体,它在大气中含量虽少,但增长速度很快,已成为仅次于CO2的温室气体,其温室效应的平均质量效率是CO2的28倍,它的增温潜势为0.5 ± 0.05 Wm?2, 2010年它对全球气候变暖效应占非CO2气体的28%,如果任其发展下去,将会对地球生态环境带来前所未有的灾难。同时,甲烷也是一种极其重要的能源气。它是天然气气体成分中的主要能源气(约占88%),海底中埋藏的天然气水合物(甲烷约占99%)中包含的天然气资源量为全球常规天然气资源量的几十倍,随着我国经济呈现高速、井喷式增长,常规能源的勘探开发以及新能源的勘探将成为我国迫在眉睫的重要任务;而且煤炭产业占据我国能源消费结构66%的份额,随着煤炭产业规模扩大,煤矿事故(瓦斯爆炸)频发,作为预警瓦斯爆炸最主要的甲烷气体浓度的检测也将发挥越来越大的作用。因此研制高精度、原位检测甲烷浓度的传感器对于温室效应治理和常规天然气的勘探、开采、运输过程以及天然气水合物等新能源的勘探具有重要的意义。 由于目标环境相对复杂(多水汽、CO2等杂气),通过对比各种不同类型的甲烷气体传感器后发现,其他类型甲烷传感器都有一定的应用限制,而固体电位型甲烷传感器能很好的适应此类环境,因此本文选用固体电解质混合电位型甲烷传感器开展实验研究。 通过对比用流延法、注浆成型法和压片法三种不同制作方式制成的YSZ陶瓷片的SEM图片后发现,用压片法制得的YSZ基片在特定温度程序下烧结后表面气孔丰富,是比较理想的制作方式。 结合文献创造性的制作出一种新型的管式传感器,与平板式传感器的气敏性能进行对比发现,管式传感器的检测基线和输出电势均较稳定,但现阶段研制出的管式传感器其响应值略低于平板式传感器,且结构相对复杂,传感器容易损坏,不利于重复试验。 通过对三种氧化物做工作电极的传感进行气敏测试,对以SnO2为工作电极的甲烷传感器进行阻抗谱实验和极化曲线实验,发现以氧化物为工作电极的传感器符合混合电位机理,通过对比发现以In2O3为工作电极的甲烷传感器具有优良的传感性能,且在6%水汽环境下性能依旧优越,符合现实所需。以贵金属为工作电极的甲烷传感器性能稳定,且在水热环境下依然具有卓越的传感性能。

语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.gyig.ac.cn/handle/42920512-1/7830
专题研究生
第一作者单位中国科学院地球化学研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
严登峰. 固体电解质电位型甲烷传感器的研制[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2017.
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