| 其他摘要 | Lunar dust is the ≤20μm portion of the lunar soils,made by space weathering.Lunar soil come from weathering debris of lunar surface, the formation and evolution has a close relationship with meteorite, micro-meteorite bombardment, solar wind and cosmic rays, etc. In the preceding lunar surface exploration activities, lunar dust seriously interfered with the normal implementation of the lunar surface exploration activities.lunar dust adhesion and coated on the spacecraft's surface, It was found that the effects could be sorted into nine categories: vision obscuration, false instrument readings, dust coating and contamination, loss of traction, clogging of mechanisms, abrasion, thermal control problems, seal failures, and inhalation and irritation.These harmless may be caused the lunar surface exploration can't work normaly.When astronaut work on the lunar surface, lunar dust is easy to be splashed by human activities, then suspended on the surface for a long term, some subtle portion can be invaded into the spacesuit, adhesion on the skin cause itching. In addition to the unpleasant odor, lunar dust is inhalation into human cause the astronauts cough, tearing, sneezing and other symptoms of an allergic reaction, more seriously, breathing difficulties may happen. In addition, lunar dust may be having potential toxicity, if people inhale lunar dust for a long-term, human easy to induce a variety of respiratory tract, even cause cancer of the internal organs. It is astronaut Harrisons Schmidt that says: "Dust is going to be the environmental problem for future missions, both inside and outside the habitats."The dust is such a problem that NASA has selected the dust mitigation strategy as one of its top two problems that need to be solved before returning to the Moon. In the United States new space program, American astronaut will land on the lunar surface again between 2015 and 2020. European Space Agency, Russia, Japan, India and other countries and organizations have developed their own lunar exploration program, China will send a spacecraft and make an on-the-spot investigation on lunar surface resently, So much scientific research and engineering tests have to begin immediately. These research needs a large number of lunar dust for the trial, however, lunar dust samples are extremely scarce, unable to meet the needs of the scientific research and engineering tests. |
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